The Making of a Translator

28-29 April 2012

The Making of a Translator
2012 LTTC International Conference
The Language Training & Testing Center (LTTC), Taipei, Taiwan

The two-day conference will feature scholarly presentations on the following topics:
    1. Education of the Translator
    2. Certification and Evaluation of the Translator
    3. History of the Translator/Translators in History
    4. Corpora- and Computer-Assisted Translation
    5. Translation Policy: Challenges and Prospects
    6. Translation and Cross-Cultural Theory
    7. Literary Translation

Call for Proposals: Proposals may be submitted for paper presentations or workshops on one of the topics listed  above. 

Important Dates:
   Final date for proposal submission: October 31, 2011
   Notification of acceptance: November 30, 2011
   Final date for full paper submission: March 31, 2012

http://www.lttc.ntu.edu.tw/conference2012_eng/index.htm

آیا می دانید کدام مترجمان ایرانی برنده جایزه ترجمه در ایران و جهان شده اند؟

مثلاً نجف دریابندری:

آقای دریابندری به مناسبت ترجمه آثار ادبی آمریکائی موفق به دریافت جایزه تورنتون وایلدر از دانشگاه کلمبیا گردیده‌است.

عبدالله کوثری برای پنجیم دوره جایزه ادبی مهتاب میرزایی برای قسمت ترجمه شد

زن‍دگ‍ی‍ن‍ام‍ه‌ ب‍رن‍دگ‍ان‌ ج‍ای‍زه‌ ن‍وب‍ل‌ ادب‍ی‍ات‌ ۱۹۹۴ - ۱۹۰۱.

سرشناسه	:	آق‍اش‍ی‍خ‌ م‍ح‍م‍د، م‍ری‍م‌، ۱۳۴۲ - ، گ‍ردآورن‍ده‌
‏عنوان و نام پديدآور	:	زن‍دگ‍ی‍ن‍ام‍ه‌ ب‍رن‍دگ‍ان‌ ج‍ای‍زه‌ ن‍وب‍ل‌ ادب‍ی‍ات‌ ۱۹۹۴ - ۱۹۰۱. ب‍ه‌ض‍م‍ی‍م‍ه‌ ک‍ت‍اب‍ش‍ن‍اس‍ی‌ آث‍ار ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌ش‍ده‌ آن‍ان‌/ م‍ری‍م‌ آق‍اش‍ی‍خ‌ م‍ح‍م‍د، س‍ع‍ی‍د ن‍وری‌ ن‍ش‍اط
‏مشخصات نشر	:	ت‍ه‍ران‌ک‍وی‍ر: وزارت‌ ف‍ره‍ن‍گ‌ و ارش‍اد اس‍لام‍ی‌، م‍رک‍ز م‍طال‍ع‍ات‌ و ت‍ح‍ق‍ی‍ق‍ات‌ ف‍ره‍ن‍گ‍ی‌، ۱۳۷۴.
‏مشخصات ظاهری	:	ص‌ ۴۶۰
‏شابک	:	ب‍ه‍ا:۹۵۰۰ری‍ال‌ ؛ ب‍ه‍ا:۹۵۰۰ری‍ال‌

پنجمین دوره جايزه‌‌ی مهتاب میرزایی

مراسم پنجمین دوره جايزه‌‌ی مهتاب میرزایی با حضور نزدیک به سیصد نفر از همکاران و دوستداران نگاه‌نو از ساعت 18 تا 20 روز جمعه هفدهم تیرماه سال 1390 در مرکز همایش های بین المللی رایزن برگزار شد. در این مراسم پس از سخنرانی آقای مرتضی ثاقب فر به آقای الوند بهاری، جوانترین همکار نگاه‌نو در سال 1389 جايزه‌ای داده شد، و سپس برگزیدگان خوانندگان نگاه‌نو جایزه های خود را دریافت کردند. جايزه‌‌ی بهترین مترجم، به انتخاب خوانندگان نگاه‌نو، به آقای عبدالله کوثری، و جايزه‌‌ی بهترین نویسنده، به انتخاب خوانندگان نگاه‌نو، به آقای دکتر آبتین گلکار اهدا شد.

http://www.negahenou.com

آیا می دانید کدام مترجمان وبلاگ یا سایت دارند؟

آیا می دانید کدام مترجمان وبلاگ یا سایت دارند؟

داریوش آشوری

اسدالله امرائی 

دکتر ناصر فکوهی

و ؟

مترجمان اهل ایران در ویکی پدیا

http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86

TS Differents

Introducing methods to do researches in Translator Studies:
Think-Aloud Protocols (TAPs) : a translator-oriented approach not a final-product or end-product-oriented This method seeks to account for the actual mental processes of translation happened in the mind of a  translator, (un)consciously.
In other words, the primary concern of such new studies was to investigate the translation process, rather than a speculative analysis of the final product, through the implementation of the
introspective technique Think-Aloud Protocols, frequently referred to by the acronym TAPs.
This method is based on a fact which was ignored in end-product oriented approaches, that of the psychological (socio-psychological and etc) micro-events happening in the mind of a translator while translating;
as a result it can examine the translation process more better and objective than other methods.
Krings (1986) is among the first scholars to research in this area of knowledge.



Think-Aloud Protocols (TAPs) is a technique which is done i.e. by asking the subjects of
the study to verbalise their thoughts while performing a translation task e.g. from English
into Persian.Subjects' concurrent verbal reports must be tape-recorded and then
transcribed into written protocols for analysis.

..."In the overwhelming majority of cases, the material for study is a
finished product. We have in front of us an original text and one or
more putative translation. Our analysis and judgement work from
outside, they come after fact. We know next to nothing of the
generic process which has gone into the translator's practice, of the
prescriptive or purely empirical principles, devices, routines which
have controlled his choice of this equivalence rather than that, of
one stylistic level in preference to another, of word 'x' before 'y' ".
(Steiner 1975: 237)

“There is no muse of philosophy, nor is there one of translation.”
Walter Benjamin, The Task of the Translator (trans. Harry Zohn)

Unlike a work of literature, translation does not find itself in the center
of the language forest, but on the outside facing the "wooded ridge; it
calls into it •imthcMt entering, aiming at that single spot "where the
echo is able to give, in its own language, the reverberation of the
work in the alien one.
—Walter Benjamin, "The Task of the Translator"

If we are a monolingual person living every where
Everything we know is the result pf numerous crosscutting story-lines in which
translators as social actors locate themselves (Bashir Baqi).
What matters at this period is the construction of local forms of community
(composed of intellectual citizens) within which civility and the intellectual
and moral life can be sustained through the dark ages which are already upon us.

4th IATIS 2012 conference

IATIS 2012 Conference Theme
Written by Dorothy Kenny

The theme of the IATIS 2012 conference is: ‘Translation and the Politics of Recognition’. This may be interpreted in a broad manner, embracing such topics as globalisation, cultural encounter, intercultural relations and conflict.

Related thematic areas include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

•the crisis in models of multiculturalism and integrationism;
•the role of translation in terms of conflict resolution, mediation and reporting;
•covert censorship - mediated manipulations and the role of the translator / interpreter;
•cultural translation between ethnic groups, particularly majoritarian and minoritarian;
•translation, minorities, and language rights;
•translation, public memory and memorialisation;
•the translator / interpreter as cultural broker in a transnational world;
•intercultural relations and their political impact;
•interaction between the cultures of 'large' and 'small' nations;
•the role of literary translation in challenging or reinforcing cultural difference;
•transnational media and their role in facilitating, or discouraging, intercultural understanding;
•translation/interpreting and its politics;
•translation/interpreting and its ethics;
•translation and the contesting of nationalist narratives;
•recognition of the translator in technologised workflows;
•the identity of the translator/the translator’s multiple identities.

The closing date for submission of abstracts is 19 September 2011.

 

Seyed Hossein Heydarian

Another Iranian PHD Student in TS
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/euros/contactsandpeople/profiles/Heydarians.html

Objectivity in Translator Studies

Objectivity in Translator Studies:

If we accept that objectivity in science is manifested generally in the minimizing and elimination of the personal factor, how is it possible in Translator Studies?

What kinds of data collection and analysis can we use to do so?

Do you know about Think Aloud Protocol (TAP)?

Video Recording? Interview Recording? Retrospective Interviews? Eye-Tracking?

Translatorography

Translatorography is the same as ethnography of translators, in which the scholar should investigate the hidden parts of translator(s) which effects translation process from selecting a work to translate to its publishing.
It is worth researching first because translators are those who produce the end-products, so they can be (un)consciously a social agent in every time every country up to some degree.

امروزه می توانیم وقتهای مرده مان را با کتاب شنوی بگذرانیم

در راستای گسترش انس با کتاب از جمله قرآن نهج البلاغه و ... می توانیم وقتهای مرده مان را با کتاب شنوی بگذرانیم.

کافی است در گوگل اسم کتاب یا کتابهای مورد نظر تان را جستجو کنید

مثلاْ دانلود کتاب صوتی غزلهای حافظ و ...

برخی از سایتهای خارجی

http://freeclassicaudiobooks.com

www.librivox.org

 

چند ترجمه از بشیر باقی

http://adabiatema.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=259:1390-03-31-23-12-38&catid=9:1389-03-31-21-56-02&Itemid=149

and

http://adabiatema.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=212%3A1390-01-03-08-35-24&Itemid=150

and

http://adabiatema.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=226:1390-02-03-12-55-27

ترجمه درمانی؟

ترجمه درمانی چیست؟
آیا می توان تصور کرد روزی چنین علمی ظهور کند؟

translation organizations

translation organizations in

http://www.lai.com/trorg.html

AGTS - Professional Translators Association of Santiago

AIIC - International Association of Conference Interpreters

ATN-APTS/ Arab Translators Network- Arab Professional Translators Society

American Translators Association (ATA) main Web site

Arabic Translation and Intercultural Dialogue Association

Asociación Colombiana de Traductores e Intérpretes (ACTI)

Associació de Traductors i d'Intèrprets de Catalunya

Association of Hungarian Translators & Interpreters

Association of Independent Translators (a Dutch association of full-time professional free-lance translators)

ATIA - Association of Translators and Interpreters of Alberta

ATIO - Association of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario

Asociación Profesional Española de Traductores e Intérpretes (A.P.E.T.I.)

ATICOM - German Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters

ATR - Romanian Translators Association

Bdue, German Translators Association

Belgian Chamber of Translators, Interpreters and Philologists

California Healthcare Interpreting Association

CCIA - California Court Interpreters Association

The Center for Art in Translation

Chapters and groups affiliated with the American Translators Association (ATA)

Colorado Translators Association

Dansk Translatørforbund -Danish State-Authorized Translators' Association

EUATC (European Union of Associations of Translation Companies)

ELRA -- European Language Resources Association

Florida Chapter of the American Translators Association (FLATA)

ForeignWord's list of Translation Organizations

The Gauteng Chapter of the South African Translators Institute

Global Internet Translators Association (GITA)

The International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC)

The International Federation of Translators (FIT)

The Interpreters Chapter of the South African Translators Institute

The Institute of Translation and Interpreting (ITI)

Irish Translators' and Interpreters' Association

Japan Association of Translators (JAT)

Latin American Translator Associations

Links to various translator/interpreter/translation associations in the Netherlands

National Capital Area Chapter of the ATA (NCATA)

Netherlands Society of Translators (the oldest and largest association for translators in the Netherlands)

The New York Circle of Translators

Northern California Translators Association (NCTA)

NOTIS (Northwest Translators and Interpreters Society)

Quebec Translators and Interpreters Association

Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf

Society for Technical Communications (STC)

Society for Turkish Translators in 200 Countries

Society of Translators and Interpreters of B.C.

South African Translators Institute

Southern California Translators and Interpreters Association (SCATIA)

Spanish Asociation of Centres of Translation

The Translators' & Interpreters' Guild

transref's list of Translation Organizations

        
 
ACEtt (ACE Traductores)

Spanish association of literary translators. Very complete site with lots of information (in Spanish)
Contact: [e-mail]

ADÜ Nord (Assoziierte Dolmetscher und Übersetzer in Norddeutschland e.V.)

Goals, membership, publications, working groups, events, links, etc.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
AAIT (Atlanta Association of Translators and Interpreters)

The AAIT is a non-profit, professional association serving Atlanta and Georgia communities. Its aims are "to serve the greater Atlanta international community; to promote the recognition of quality and professionalism in interpretation and translation; to provide continuing education and workshops for interpreters and translators; and to offer referrals of certified language professionals." The site offers among other sections a newsletter, a translators directory and a referral service.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
AATIA (Austin Area Translators and Interpreters Association)

One of the leading professional translator and interpreter associations in the United States. Referrals to help clients find language and subject area specialists. Workshops and bimonthly meetings for professional development and networking.
Contact: [e-mail]


AIIC (International Association of Conference Interpreters)

AIIC is the international professional association that represents conference interpreters and sets standards for the practice of the profession. It has 2.373 members from 77 different countries and offers a very complete range of services: monthly newsletter, portraits of interpreters, news on the Interpretation sector, AIIC database. Bilingual site English/French.)
Contact: [e-mail]


AITC (Association internationale des traducteurs de conférence)

The chore of their work is the defense of interests of members and the pursuit of high quality work. Directory of available translators, revisers, editors, report writers or precis writers to be chosen by language and domicile. Trilingual web site (English, French, Spanish.

Contact: [e-mail]


AITI (Italian Translators and Interpreters Association)

AITI celebrates its 5Oth anniversary with an Intl. Conference MULTIMEDIA 2000 6th – 8th June !(Catania, Italy) with invitation of papers on the state of the art and expected future developments in multimedia translation and publishing, localization, dubbing, subtitling, etc. - multimedia translation tools and equipment (users and producers) - the latest trends in multimedia communication - training of multimedia translators - required professional profiles - cross-fertilization between sectors - practical experiences and projects - trends in the European multimedia market: country-related cultural differences.
Contact: [e-mail].

 
ALTA (American Association of Literary Translators)

Its aims are "to provide essential services to literary translators from all languages and to create a professional forum for the exchange of ideas on the art and craft of translation". Its national offices are located in the McDermott Library on the Campus of the University of Texas at Dallas. Site sections: Officers, Press Reviews, Join, Calendar, Related Sites, Translation Review, Contests, Prizes, & Grants, 2000 Annual Conference, Annotated Books Received, Journals and Other Organizations.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
AAMTA (Asia-Pacific Association for Machine Translation)

Originally the Japan Association for Machine Translation. "The association is comprised of three entities: researchers, manufacturers, and users of machine translation systems. The association endeavors to develop machine translation technologies to expand the scope of effective global communications. For this purpose the association is engaged in machine translation system development, improvement, education, and publicity" 
Contact: [e-mail]

 
AMTA (Association for Machine Translation in the Americas)

"AMTA is an association dedicated to anyone interested in the translation of languages using computers in some way. This includes people with translation needs, commercial system developers, researchers, sponsors, and people studying, evaluating, and understanding the science of machine translation (MT) and educating the public on important scientific techniques and principles involved. It provides an opportunity for commercial developers, users--both professional translators and casual MT users--and research scientists to meet in a convivial atmosphere and share ideas, dreams, and hopes"
Contact: [e-mail]

 
APETI (Asociación Española de Traductores e Intérpretes)

Spanish association of translators and interpreters. General Information, legal aspects, membership, services, events, etc. Some of the sections are yet "under construction"
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ASTTI (Swiss Association of Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters)

List of members, aims and objectives, code of professional conduct , events, etc. (in English, French, German and Italian)  
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ATA (American Translators Association)

Features search tool for 3682 translators with 25 language combinations and has its base in Virginia.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ATIA (Association of Translators and Interpreters of Alberta)

Member for Alberta of the Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council (CTIC). "Association members are freelancers, independent translators, employees of translation/interpretation firms or government or corporate in-house translators. All members of the Association are bound by a Code of Ethics ensuring the quality of their work and guaranteeing confidentiality"
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ATIBA (Association of Certified Public Translators and Interpreters of the Province of Buenos Aires)

ATIBA was organized in 1997 as a non-profit association serving the province of Buenos Aires and the rest of the country as well. It represents professionals and students. It sets standards for the practice of the profession and promotes the recognition of the profession. It provides continuing education through workshops for translators and interpreters. To suscribe to the magazine "Molinos de Viento" send an e mail to: molinos de [e-mail]

 
ATIC (Associació de Traductors i d'Intèrprets de Catalunya)

Catalonian Association of Translators and Interpreters. Sections include: Introduction to ATIC, activities, events, the association bulletin, a series of interesting links for translation and interpreters, news and a translators directory.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ATICOM (Association of Professional Freelance Translators and Interpreters, Germany)

This association of translators on international level is highly recommendable. Apart from classic tools, it features updates on call for tenders as well as conferences.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ATINS (Association of Translators and Interpreters of Nova Scotia)

Provincial association of Nova Scotia founded in 1990. Links to other provincial associations in Canada. No translation directory.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ATIO (Association of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario)

Sections include: Background Information, The Professions / Code of Ethics, Client Service, ATIO's Communiqué, InformATIO (News and Features), Calendar of ATIO's Activities, ATIO By-laws, How to join ATIO, Membership Privileges, Translation Contract (Model), Professional Associations Worldwide, Entraide Traduction Santé (a network of translators working in the health care field), Internet Tools and What's Cool.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
AUSIT (Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators)

Created in 1987 "bringing together existing local associations and specialist groups and setting up branches in each State and Territory", publishes a quarterly newsletter and an annual journal, as well as a Code of Ethics. Member of the International Federation of Translators (FIT). Site sections include What's New, Online News, About AUSIT, Join AUSIT and The Members Directory.

Contact: [e-mail]

 
BDÜ (German Translators and Interpreters Association)

“Bundesverband der Dolmetscher und Übersetzer e.V.”; online search for translators in Germany and free registering in translators databank.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
CATI (Carolina Association of Translators and Interpreters)

Association of translators based in North and South Carolina. Site Sections: Scope and Purpose, A Guide to Selecting and Working with Professional Translators, Directory Order, Benefits of Membership, Calendar of Events and Resources. Many links.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
CBTIP-BKVTF (Belgian Chamber of Translators, Interpreters and Philologists)

Membership of the Chamber is open to any qualified translator, interpreter or philologist. It also maintains regular contacts with the legal authorities with a view to enhancing the status of the sworn translator/interpreter and ensuring an adequate remuneration for services rendered. Publications: “FlashInfo”(monthly), “Le Linguist” (official organ) and a yearbook where you can find translators’ contact addresses. Trilingual website (Dutch, English, French).
Contact: [e-mail]

 
CTPBA (Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires)

Association of translators of Buenos Aires. Sections include a translators directory and a mailing list for translation issues. In Spanish.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
CTA (Colorado Translators Association)

ATA Code of Ethics, membership information, CTA directory, links, etc.
Contact: Mylène Vialard, CTA President

 
CTIC (Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council)

"CTlC admits only provincial and territorial bodies, variously called an association, order, society or corporation. Its total membership consists of the eleven member bodies which, in turn, represent their own members."
Contact: [e-mail]

 
EAMT (European Association of Machine Translation)

"The European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT) is an organization that serves the growing community of people interested in MT and translation tools, including users, developers, and researchers of this increasingly viable technology. The EAMT is one of three regional associations of the International Association for Machine Translation (IAMT), which counts an increasing number of members worldwide. The EAMT is the only organization of its kind in Europe...".
Event: 11,12-May-2000 The EAMT 2000 Workshop in Ljubljana
Contact: [e-mail]

 
EIZIE (Euskal Itzultzaile, Zuzentzaile eta Interpretarien Elkartea)

Association of Basque Professional Translators, Proofreaders and Interpreters.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
FIT (Fédération internationale des traducteurs)

Federation of translators associations of more than 60 countries (no individual membership). FIT enjoys consultative status with UNESCO and maintains close contact with numerous other international organizations. The site offers professional information, list of winners of prizes and awards, publications (books, information flyers, FIT Flash) as well as FIT specific sites and links.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
FLATA (Florida Chapter of the ATA)

Site sections include Getting Started as a Translator or Interpreter, FLATAflash Newsletter, On-line dictionaries & glossaries, T&I organizations and resources, Spanish Treasure Box, Software for Translators and the FLATA Professional Services Directory.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
IOL (Institute of Linguists)

"The Institute of Linguists is the UK's largest membership organisation for professional translators, interpreters, language educationalists and those using languages in industry and commerce. We are also an examining body, offering assessments and certification in an unrivalled range of languages to suit candidates at higher levels (degree and post-graduate) seeking a professional qualification.
Sections include IoL News, Language news Worldwide, Job Opportunities, The Linguist Magazine, Member's Discussion Forum and the Find-a-Linguist Service.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ITA (Irish Translators’ Association)

Based in Dublin, this association hosts both technical as wells as literary translators.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
ITI (Institute of Translation and Interpretation, United Kingdom)

Only independent assiocation organization in UK. It was ounded in 1986. Translators’ directory and registering subject to fee; lots of links and information.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
JAT (Japan Association of Translators)

"At present, JAT has a membership of about 390 people. This group includes J-E and E-J translators living and working in Japan and elsewhere. With the Internet-assisted collapse of borders separating translators, it is not surprising that JAT's membership should spread geographically, and as of this writing more than 40% of JAT members live outside Japan. Interpreters are also active in JAT and lend another type of diversity to the organization..." The association holds monthly meetings and publishes the monthly JAT Bulletin, "a valuable means of reaching the many JAT members who live outside the Tokyo area who are unable to attend the monthly JAT meeting", maintains an electronic mailing list for its members, and organizes the IJET Conference every other year in Japan (on alternate years conferences have been held outside Japan).
Contact: Jeremy Whipple, JAT President

 
LTAC/ATTLC (Literary Translators’ Association of Canada/Association des traducteurs et traductrices littéraires du Canada)

Resources for literary translators are to be found on this site.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
NAJIT (National Organization of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators)

Sections include About NAJIT, Purposes and activities of the Association, membership benefits, fees and secure application form, The Online NAJIT Membership Directory (a database of over 900 interpreters and translators, searchable by language, location, credentials, etc.) PROTEUS, a selection of articles from the quarterly newsletter of NAJIT, Frequently Asked Questions about court interpreting, Mailing lists for discussing court interpreting, Links, Translation Brain Twister of the Month and Choice pieces of legalese for your translation pleasure.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
NCATA (National Capital Area Chapter of the American Translators Association)

A chapter of ATA. Washington-based with information for translators in this area (job fairs etc). Established in 1980. Site sections include a searchable translator database and the NCTA Translorial Newsletter On-line.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
NCTA (Northern California Translators Association)

A chapter of ATA including a members database.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
NETA (New England Translators Association)

Based in New England; more than 150 members.
Contact: [e-mail]
Events: The NETA exhibition and conference on 29th April 10am – 5pm in at Conte Forum in Boston College (just off Bacon Street). NETA's annual Exhibition & Conference is designed to bring together a broad range of individuals and organizations with an interest in languages, translation and/or interpreting. In addition to providing a forum for translators and interpreters, translation and voice talent agencies, publishers and other language-related organizations, this year’s event will feature several noted speakers as well as a panel discussion about standards in medical translating.
 
NGV (The Netherlands Society of Translators - Nederlands Genootschap van Vertalers)

Sections include: Introduction, the NGV in the past, the NGV now, internal structure, official documents, TO*VER*GIDS (Translators and Interpreters Directory) and membership.
Contact: http://www.metacom.org/ngv/

 
NMTIA (New Mexico Translators and Interpreters Association)

Site sections: About NMTIA, Membership Directory, Feedback, Links, Translator or interpreter? Accreditation & certification, and NMTIA news.

Contact: [e-mail]

 
NOTA (Northeast Ohio Translators Association)

Site sections: How to Use Translators, Translation Resources, Translators Directory, Membership, Contact Us, and About NOTA.
Contact:[e-mail]

 
NOTIS (Northwest Translators and Interpreters Society)

Covers the area of Pacific Northwest and USA and is based in Seattle. Founded in 1988; translators forum. Directory, calendar of events.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
Nunattinni Katujjiqatigiit Tusaajinut (The Nunavut Interpreter / Translator Society)

Most member specialize in Inuktitut / English and English / Inuktitut interpretation, and Inuinnaqtun / English - English/ Inuinnaqtun and French / English - English / French.
Contact: [e-mail] 

 
NYCT (New York Circle of Translators)

Sections include  About NYCT,  Translators Directory,  Membership, Contact NYCT, Events, FAQs and Gotham Translator Links.
Contact: [e-mail] 

 
OTIAQ (Ordre des traducteurs et interprètes agréés du Québec)

QUEBEC-based, 1800 members; publications, on-line directory, calendar of events.

Contact: [e-mail]

 
PSEM (Panhellenic Association of Professional Translators)

Site sections: About the Association, The Board of the Association, Aims of the Association, Publications, Directory of Translators and links.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
SCATIA (Southern California Area Translators Association)

A chapter of the ATA featuring an on-line member directory, an on-line Message Board which includes Payment Practices, terminology-related, and Career Opportunities forums and an extensive links page. Based in Southern California, it has 230+ individual members and 17 Corporate members
Contact: [e-mail]

 
SFT (Société française des traducteurs)

Site sections include SFT presentation, Membership, Aims, Translators Directory, etc.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
SINTRA (Brazilian Translators’ Association - Sindicato Nacional dos Traductores)

Site sections include Membership, Monthly Newsletter, Rates, On-line Translators Directory, News, Useful Links and Feedback.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
South African Translators' Institute

Web site includes a translators directory.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
STIBC (Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia)

Vancouver-based; Site sections include: What's New? Directory of Members, Links,
About S.T.I.B.C.,  S.T.I.B.C. Board of Directors, and How to Join
Contact: [e-mail]
Events: Host of the F.I.T. World Congress in 2002.
 
SVVT (The Dutch Network of Women Translators and Interpreters - Stichting Vrouwennetwerk Vertalers en Tolken)

Netherlands-based association of women translators. The site will be complemented with new sections soon and currently contains general information, links of interest and the SVVT's rules.
Contact: [e-mail]

 
TTIG (The Translators and Interpreters Guild)

"The Translators and Interpreters Guild (TTIG) is an organization of independent professional language translators and interpreters formed to serve the needs of this vital and growing industry... The Guild's mission is to help raise the standard of living for translators and interpreters by focusing on bread and butter issues: assistance in finding work, lobbying for favorable legislation, helping beginners get into the field, and improving pay, benefits and working conditions..."
Contact: [e-mail]    

 
UTIA (Utah Translators and Interpreters Association)

Sections:  UTIA Online Newsletter, UTIA Membership Directory
Contact: [e-mail] (Edward Hannan-Cañete, UTIA President)
 
WITS (Washington State Court Interpreters and Translators)

VWITS is a society of court interpreters and Translators in Washington State; Site sections: Purpose, Objective, What is a Court Interpreter?, The Role of the Interpreter, Modes of Interpreting, The Washington State Code of Conduct for Interpreters, Directory of Members, Interesting Web Sites, WITS Newsletter Items, Coming Events, Joining WITS, WITS Committees, Information About WITS, Washington State Court Certification.
Contact: [e-mail]

Research Project Suggestion

EMPOWERING TRANSLATORS

 Activism, Political Agency, and the Empowerment of Translators

 Empowered Translators and the Translator's Political Agency: Evidence
from Postcolonial Translation Studies

 Modeling the Translator's Agency: Moving Beyond Postcolonial Translation
Studies

 Power and the Agency of the Translator

 Two Metaphors for Agency and Activism: Resistance and Engagement

 Empowerment and Self-Reflexivity in Translation Studies

Cultural Translation and Empowerment

Theories of Cultural Translation

 The Impact of Audience on Cultural Representation

 A Holistic Approach to Translating Culture

 Elements to Consider in Holistic Cultural Translation

 Strategizing Cultural Translation

 Cultural Translation, Ideology, and Self-Censorship

 Cultural Translation and the Agency of the Translator

 liberating Meaning, legitimating Translation

 The Translator's Decision-Making Process and the Construction of Meaning

 Where Does Meaning Reside?

 A Brief Excursus on the Nature of Meaning

 Overdetermination and Underdetermination of Meaning in Translation

 Beyond Meaning to Generativity

 Enlargement, Empowerment, Ethics

به اطلاع دانشجویان دانشگاه آدینه می رساند

با سلام

به اطلاع دانشجویان دانشگاه آدیبنه می رساند

که کلاس این هفته برگزار نمی شود.

Translation Theory Panel

Call for proposals: Translation Theory (panel), NEMLA

March 15-18, 2012

Call for proposals: Translation Theory (panel), NEMLA March 15-18, 2012 Rochester, NY, USA

Rochester, NY, USA

Research Project Suggestion

:Research Project Suggestion

Comparison as a Process of Translation

برنامه­ ی درس اصول و روش نظری ترجمه (2 واحدی)- دانشگاه آدینه

بنام او که نامش گلستان معناهاست

برنامه­ ی درس اصول و روش نظری ترجمه (2 واحدی)

مدرس : بشیر باقی، فوق­ لیسانس مطالعات مترجم و ترجمه از دانشگاه ملی بیرجند

نکته : در هر جلسه حداکثر 4 موضوع اصلی مدنظر گرفته شده و وقت هر کدام 15 تا 20 دقیقه می­ باشد. خواهشمند است قبل از کلاس و به­ منظور استفاده بهتر و تأثیر بیشتر یادگیری خودتان موضوعات جلسه­ ی آینده را در منابعی که معرفی شده مطالعه کرده و ضمن تقویت زمینه­ های یادگیری خودتان، به کلاس و وقت دیگران هم احترام بگذارید.

مهم: هر کس که تمامی مطالب گفته­ شده در کلاس را تایپ کرده تحویل دهد، تا 3 نمره به نمره نهایی او اضافه خواهد شد.

نحوه محاسبه نمره نهایی:

_1-        انجام فعالیتهای مفید در کلاس هر قبیل ارائه نظرات منطقی و پخته، منظور نظراتی که شخص قبلاً درباره­ ی آن فکر کرده و سپس ارائه می­کند، ارائه­ ی راه­حلهای علمی، منطقی و کارا، جوابگویی به سوالات مدرس در کلاس و ...  7 نمره از نمره نهایی را دربر می­گیرد.

_2-        ارائه­ی تحقیق علمی 3 نمره.

_3-        امتحان میان­ترم 3 نمره.

_4-        امتحان پایانی 7 نمره.

منابع اصلی این درس: 1- رسالت مترجم، تألیف عرفان قانعی­ فرد، تهران: انتشارات رهنما، 1385.

2- اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی، انتشارات پیام نور.

منابع پیشنهادی/تکمیلی/کمکی: 1- گ‍ف‍ت‍م‍ان‌ و ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌/ ع‍ل‍ی‌ ص‍ل‍ح‌ج‍و؛ ت‍ه‍ران‌: ن‍ش‍ر م‍رک‍ز، ۱۳۷۷؛ 2- مستعارنویسی و شبه ترجمه/تالیف و ترجمه احمد اخوت. تهران: نشرنی، ۱۳۸۵؛ 3- ‏‫ب‍ررس‍ی‌ م‍ش‍ک‍لات‌ ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌ ادب‍ی‍ات‌ ک‍ودک‍ان‌‏‫/ نویسنده م‍ح‍م‍دح‍س‍ی‍ن‌ ق‍رش‍ی‌‏‫؛ ویراستار فنی طاهره مفتخری. ‏‫ت‍ه‍ران‌ ‏‫: ص‍ن‍م‌ ‏‫، ۱۳۸۵؛ 4- س‍رگ‍ذش‍ت‌ ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌ه‍ای‌ م‍ن‌/ ن‍وش‍ت‍ه‌ م‍ح‍م‍د ق‍اض‍ی،‌ ت‍ه‍ران‌: ن‍ش‍ر روای‍ت‌، ۱۳۷۳؛ 5- الاهیات ترجمه : والتر بنیامین و رسالت مترجم/ نویسنده امید مهرگان. تهران: فرهنگ صبا، ۱۳۸۶. 6- ه‍ف‍ت‌ گ‍ف‍ت‍ار درب‍اره‌ی ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌‏‫ / ک‍ورش‌ ص‍ف‍وی‌. ت‍ه‍ران‌‏‫: ن‍ش‍ر م‍رک‍ز، ک‍ت‍اب‌ م‍اد، ۱۳۷۱؛ 7- آش‍ن‍ای‍ی‌ ب‍ا م‍طال‍ع‍ات‌ ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌: ن‍ظری‍ه‌ه‍ا و ک‍ارب‍رده‍ا/ ن‍وی‍س‍ن‍ده‌ ج‍رم‍ی‌ م‍ان‍دی‌؛ م‍ت‍رج‍م‌ ح‍م‍ی‍د ک‍اش‍ان‍ی‍ان‌. ت‍ه‍ران‌: م‍وس‍س‍ه‌ رخ‌ ، ۱۳۸۴؛ 8- ت‍رب‍ی‍ت‌ م‍ت‍رج‍م‌: م‍ک‍ت‍وب‌ و ش‍ف‍اه‍ی‌/ وی‍ل‍ه‍ل‍م‌ ک‌. وب‍ر؛ م‍ت‍رج‍م‌ ک‍ام‍ب‍ی‍ز م‍ح‍م‍ودزاده‌؛ وی‍راس‍ت‍ار ع‍ل‍ی‌ ب‍ه‍رام‍ی‌. ت‍ه‍ران‌: ره‍ن‍م‍ا، ۱۳۷۸؛ 9- ان‍دی‍ش‍ه‌ در گ‍ذار ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌: (ن‍ظر و ت‍ح‍ل‍ی‍ل‍ی‌ ب‍ر م‍ت‍رج‍م‍ان‌ م‍ع‍اص‍ر ای‍ران‌)/ ت‍دوی‍ن‌ ع‍رف‍ان‌ ق‍ان‍ع‍ی‌ ف‍رد. ت‍ه‍ران‌: رس‍ا، ۱۳۸۲؛ 10- ی‍ک‌ ن‍ظری‍ه‌ ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌ از دی‍دگ‍اه‌ زب‍ان‍ش‍ن‍اس‍ی‌: رس‍ال‍ه‌ای‌ در زب‍ان‍ش‍ن‍اس‍ی‌ ک‍ارب‍ردی‌/ ج‍ی‌. س‍ی‌. ک‍ت‌ ف‍ورد؛ ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌ اح‍م‍د ص‍دارت‍ی. ‏ت‍ه‍ران‌: ن‍ش‍ر ن‍ی‌، ۱۳۷۰؛ 11- از پ‍س‍ت‌ و ب‍ل‍ن‍د ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌: ه‍ف‍ت‌ م‍ق‍ال‍ه‌‏‫ / ک‍ری‍م‌ ام‍ام‍ی‌.  ت‍ه‍ران‌‏‫ : ن‍ی‍ل‍وف‍ر‏‫ ، -۱۳۸۵؛ 12- ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌ه‍ای‌ ن‍ام‍ف‍ه‍وم‌ / ن‍وی‍س‍ن‍ده‌ طاه‍ره‌ ص‍ف‍ارزاده. ت‍ه‍ران: پ‍ارس‌ ک‍ت‍اب‌ ‏‫، ۱۳۸۴؛ 13- مقدمه‌ای بر مطالعات زبان و ترجمه/جولیان هاوس ؛ مترجم علی بهرامی. تهران‏‫: رهنما‏‫، ۱۳۸۸؛ 14- س‍ی‌ س‍ال‌ ت‍رج‍م‍ه‌، س‍ی‌ س‍ال‌ ت‍ج‍رب‍ه‌: س‍خ‍ن‌ م‍ی‌گ‍وی‍ن‍د از ت‍ج‍رب‍ی‍ات‌ خ‍وی‍ش‌: ب‍ه‍اءال‍دی‍ن‌ خ‍رم‍ش‍اه‍ی‌، ن‍ج‍ف‌ دری‍اب‍ن‍دری‌، ک‍ام‍ران‌ ف‍ان‍ی‌، ص‍ف‍در ت‍ق‍ی‌زاده‌ / ب‍ه‌ک‍وش‍ش‌ م‍ه‍دی‌ اف‍ش‍ار؛ ت‍ه‍ران‌: واژه‌آرا‏‫، ۱۳۸۴؛15- یک گفتگو (ناصر حریری با دریابندری)/ تهران: کارنامه؛ 1376؛ 16- نظریه و عمل ترجمه/نایدا و تیبر؛مترجمان حسن امامی، بشیر باقی. چاپ بزودی. 17- مجله­ ی مهرنامه شماره­ی 7، سال 1، آذر 89 :پرونده­ای درباره­ی ترجمه فلسفی و ادبی در ایران؛ مجله­ ی پل فیروزه، ش 15، س4، بهار 84؛ ویژه­ی ترجمه.

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 1: مباحث نظری و کلی پیرموان ترجمه:

1-      چرا به ترجمه روی آوردید؟

2-      تعریف ترجمه و کاربرد یا تأثیر آن در عمل ترجمه؟

3-      کدام تعریف ترجمه در عمل کارایی بیشتری برای مترجمان دارد؟

4-      فایده/نقش/جایگاه مترجمان و ترجمه در زندگی فردی/اجتماعی و در کل جهان امروز؟

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 2:  (مطالعه ی کتاب رسالت مترجم)

درس اول اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      چه کسانی نظریه­ پردازان بهتری هستند مترجمان یا نظریه­ پردازان ترجمه؟

2-      جایگاه دستور زبان مبدأ در ترجمه؟

3-      آیا نظریه ترجمه­ ای که در/برای ترجمه­ ی همه­ ی انواع متون مفید باشد می­­ توان طراحی کرد؟

4-      تحلیل ترجمه­ درون زبانی سگ ولگرد نوشته ی صادق هدایت.

 

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 3: 

درس دوم اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      آیا برای ترجمه در هر رشته با موضوع خاص به نظریه ترجمه­ای خاص نیز نیاز داریم؟

2-      ملاکهای انتخاب مفاد/محتوای نظریه با توجه به چه ملاکهایی است؟

3-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های محمد قاضی درباره­ ی ترجمه1.

4-      تحلیل ترجمه­ درون زبانی داستان داش­آکل نوشته ی صادق هدایت.

 

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 4:

درس 3 اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های محمد قاضی درباره­ ی ترجمه2.

2-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های نجف دریابندری درباره­ ی ترجمه1.

3-      تحلیل ترجمه­ درون زبانی حکایاتی از گلستان 1.

4-      تحلیل ترجمه ­درون زبانی داستان خیمه ­شب بازی نوشته­ی صادق چوبک.

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 5:

درس 4 اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های محمد قاضی درباره­ی ترجمه3.

2-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های نجف دریابندری درباره­ی ترجمه2.

3-      تحلیل ترجمه­ درون زبانی حکایاتی از گلستان 2.

4-      تحلیل ترجمه­ درون زبانی داستان آبجی خانوم نوشته صادق هدایت.

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 6:

درس 5 اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های مهدی قراچه داغی درباره­ ی ترجمه.

2-      تحلیل ترجمه ­درون زبانی حکایاتی از گلستان 3.

3-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های رضا سیدحسینی درباره­ ی ترجمه.

4-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های حسن لاهوتی درباره­ ی ترجمه.

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی  7:

درس 6 اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های عبدالله کوثری درباره­ ی ترجمه.

2-      تحلیل ترجمه­ درون زبانی حکایاتی از گلستان 4.

3-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های میرعلایی درباره ­ی ترجمه از عرفان قانعی­فرد؛ نظرات هوشنگ مهدوی درباره­ی ترجمه.

4-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های کریم امامی درباره­ ی ترجمه1.

برنامه­ ی جلسه­ ی 8:

درس 7 اصول و روش ترجمه، کاظم لطفی پورساعدی

1-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های علی صلح­جو درباره­ ی ترجمه.

2-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های مراد فرهادپور درباره­ ی ترجمه.

3-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های عزت­الله فولادوند درباره­ ی ترجمه.

4-      تحلیل دیدگاه­های کامران فانی، خشایار دیهیمی و فرخ امیرفریار درباره­ ی ترجمه.

بخشهایی از نقد کتاب گفت¬وگو با مترجمان، سیروس علی¬نژاد، چ1، 1388، نشر آگاه

نقدی بر کتاب گفت­وگو با مترجمان، سیروس علی­نژاد، چ1، 1388، نشر آگاه

بشیر باقی

وقتی کتاب را یافتم با اشتیاق و بدون نگاهی به محتویات و بخاطر نامهای بزرگانی که روی جلد آن بود آن را خریدم. وقتی مقدمه را خواندم با چنین مطالبی روبرو شدم :بحث ترجمه به­ طور مستقیم با بحث تجدد در ایران در ارتباط است"... "تجدد در ایران به­ تمامی وامدار ترجمه است و اگر کم­ وکاستی­ هایی در تجدد ما مشاهده می­شود، ناشی از کم­ وکاستی­ های ترجمه و درست منتقل نکردن آراء و افکار دیگران در طول صد سال گذشته، یا دست کم به­ تمامی منتقل نکردن آنهاست(ص،7)"... "ترجمه به گشودگی جامعه­ ی بسته ایران در تمام زمینه­ ها و بیش­تر از آن در گشودگی افکار منجمدشده­ ی ما تأثیر اندازه­ نگرفتنی برجای گذاشته"(ص،10)...؛ بدین ترتیب و با خوشحالی از اینکه بالاخره کسی پیدا شده تا مسائلی جدید را پیگیری کند منتظر سوالاتی شدم تا این مسائل موشکافی و ریشه ­یابی شوند مثلاً انتظار داشتم مولف از مترجمان بپرسد برای به ­سامان کردن وضع مترجمان و ترجمه، که این همه موثر بوده­ اند و هستند، در زمینه­ های مختلف چه­ ها باید کرد؟ زیرا بحث ترجمه چنانکه خود مولف هم بدان پی برده با بحث اندیشه پیوندهایی تنگاتنگ دارد "امروز هم اگر صحنه­ ی اجتماعی، فرهنگی و سیاسی ایران از اندیشه­ های گوناگون موج می­زند، این موج حاصل ترجمه­ ی افکار دیگران، به­ ویژه غربیان است (ص،9)"... "شاید تمام اندیشه ­های هموارکننده ی راه ناهموار مدرنیته را بتوان حاصل ترجمه و آشنایی با افکاری دانست که در صد سال اخیز از طریق ترجمه از آن ِ ما شده است"(ص،10)؛ اما سوالاتی که در تقریباً بیست صفحه با هر کدام از هفت مترجم مورد مصاحبه پرسیده شده از این نوع هستند: ...

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 نخستین کاری که ترجمه کردید کدام بود؟(ص 62)؛ وداع با اسلحه را وقتی به اداره انتشارات شرکت نفت رفته بودید ترجمه کردید؟ (ص 64)؛ ترجمه­ ی خوب از نظر شما چه معنی دارد؟ (ص 66)؛ کدام ترجمه ­تان را      می ­پسندید؟ (ص 71)؛ بین اینها کدام را می­ پسندید؟ (ص 72).

Recommendation on the Legal Protection of Translators and Translations and the Practical Means to im

Recommendation on the Legal Protection of Translators and Translations and the Practical Means to improve the Status of Translators

22 November 1976

The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, meeting in Nairobi from 26 October to 30 November 1976, at its nineteenth session,

Considering that translation promotes understanding between peoples and co-operation among nations by facilitating the dissemination of literary and scientific works, including technical works, across linguistic frontiers and the interchange of ideas,

Noting the extremely important rôle played by translators and translations in international exchanges in culture, art and science, particularly in the case of works written or translated in less widely spoken languages,

Recognizing that the protection of translators is indispensable in order to ensure translations of the quality needed from them to fulfil effectively their rôle in the service of culture and development,

Recalling that, if the principles of this protection are alreday contained in the Universal Copyright Convention, while the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and a number of national laws of Member States also contain spoecific provisions concerning such protection, the practical application of these principles and provisions is not always adequate,

Being of the opinion that if,in many countries with respect to copyright, translators and translations enjoy a protection wich resembles the protection granted to authors and to literay and scientific works, including technical works, the adoption of measures of an essentially practical nature, assimilating translators to authors and specific to the translating profession, is nevertheless justified to ameliorate the effective application of existing laws,

Having decided, at its eighteenth session, that the protection of translators should be the subject of a recommendation to Member States within the meaning of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution,

Adopts, this twenty-second day of November 1976, the present Recommendation.


The General Conference recommends that Member States apply the following provisions concerning the protection of translators and translations by taking whatever legislative or other steps may be required, in conformity with the constitutional provisions and institutional practice of each State, to give effect, within their respective territories, to the principles and standards set forth in this Recommendation.

The General Conference recommends that Member States bring this Recommendation to the attention of the authorities, departments or bodies responsible for matters relating to the moral and material interests of translators and to the protection of translations, of the various organizations or associations representing or promoting the interests of translators, and of publishers, managers of theatres, broadcasters and other users and interested parties.

The General Conference recommends that Member States submit to the Organization, at such times and in such form as shall be determined by the General Conference, reports on the action taken by them to give effect to this Recommendation.

I. Definitions and scope of application

1. For purposes of this Recommendation:

(a) the term `translation' denotes the transposition of a literary or scientific
work, including technical work, from one language into another language, whether or not the initial work, or the translation, is intended for publication in book, magazine, periodical, or other form, or for performance in the theatre, in a film, on radio or television, or in any other media;

(b) the term `translators' denotes translators of literary or scientific works, including technical works;

(c) the term `users' denotes the persons or legal entities for which a translation is made.

2. This Recommendation applies to all translators regardless of:

(a) the legal status applicable to them as:

(i) independent translators; or

(ii) salaried translators;

(b) the discipline to which the work translated belongs;

(c) the full-time or part-time nature of their position as translators.

II. General legal position of translators

3. Member States should accord to translators, in respect of their translations, the protection accorded to authors under the provisions . of the international copyright conventions to which they are party and/or under their national laws, but without prejudice to the rights of the authors of the original, works translated.

III. Measures to ensure the application in practice of protection afforded translators under international conventions and in national laws relating to copyright

4. It is desirable that a written agreement be concluded between a translator and the user.

5. As a general rule, a contract governing relations between a translator and a user, as well as where appropriate any other legal instrument governing such relations, should:

(a) accord an equitable remuneration to the translator whatever his or her legal status;

(b) at least when the translator is not working as a salaried translator, remunerate him or her in proportion to the proceeds of the sale or use of the translation with payment of an advance, the said advance being retained by the translator whatever the proceeds may be; or by the payment of a sum calculated in conformity with another system of remuneration independent of sales where it is provided for or permitted by national legislation; or by the payment of an equitable lump sum which could be made where payment on a proportional basis proves insufficient or inapplicable; the appropriate method of payment should be chosen taking into account the legal system of the country concerned and where applicable the type of original work translated;

(c) make provision, when appropriate, for a supplementary payment should the use made of the translation go beyond the limitations specified in the contract;

(d) specify that the authorizations granted by the translator are limited to the rights expressly mentioned, this provision applying to possible new editions ;

(e) stipulate that in the event that the translator has not obtained any necessary authorization, it is the user who is responsible for obtaining such authorization ;

(f) stipulate that the translator guarantees the user uncontested enjoyment of all the rights granted and-undertakes to refrain from any action likely to compromise the legitimate interests of the user and, when appropriate, to observe the rule of professional secrecy;

(g) stipulate that, subject to the prerogatives of the author of the original work translated, no change shall be made in the text of a translation intended for publication without seeking the prior agreement of the, translator;

(h) assure the translator and his translation similar publicity, proportionately to that which authors are generally given, in particular, the name of the author of the translation should appear in a prominent place on all published copies of the translation, on theatre bills, in announcements made in connexion with radio or television broadcasts, in the credit titles of films and in any other promotional material;

(i) provide that the user ensure that the translation bear such notices as are necessary to comply with copyright formalities in those countries where it might reasonably be expected to be used;

(j) provide for the resolution of any conflicts which may arise, particularly with respect to the quality of the translation, so far as possible, by means of arbitration or in accordance with procedures laid down by national legislation or by any other appropriate means of dispute settlement which on the one hand is such as to guarantee impartiality and on the other hand is easily accessible and inexpensive;

(k) mention the languages from and into which the translator will translate and without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph l(a), further specify expressly the translator's possible use as an interpreter.

6. In order to facilitate the implementation of the measures recommended in paragraphs 4, 5 and 14, Member States should, without prejudice to the trans-lator's freedom to enter into an individual contract, encourage the parties concerned, in particular the professional organizations of translators and other organizations or associations representing them, on the one hand, and the representatives of users, on the other, to adopt model contracts or to conclude collective agreements based on the measures suggested in this Recommendation and making due allowance for all situations likely to arise by reason either of the translator or the nature of the translation.

7. Member States should also promote measures to ensure effective representation of translators and to encourage the creation and development of professional organizations of translators and other organizations or associations representing them, to define the rules and duties which should govern the exercise of the profession, to defend the moral and material interests of translators and to facilitate linguistic, cultural, scientific and technical exchanges among translators and between translators and the authors of works to be translated. To this end, such organizations or associations might undertake, where national law permits, in particular, the following specific activities:

(a) promote the adoption of standards governing the translating profession; such standards should stipulate in particular that the translator has a duty to provide a translation of high quality from both the linguistic and stylistic points of view and to guarantee that the translation will be a faithful rendering of the original;

(b) study the bases for remuneration acceptable to translators and users;

(c) set up procedures to assist in the settlement of disputes arising in connexion with the quality of translations;

(d) advise translators in their negociations with, users and co-operate with other interested parties in establishing model contracts relating to translation;

(e) endeavour to arrange for translators individually or collectively, and in accordance with national laws or any collective agreements which may be applicable on this subject, to benefit with authors from funds received from either private or public sources;

(f) provide for exchanges of information on matters of interest to translators by the publication of information bulletins, the organization of meetings or by other appropriate means;

(g) promote the assimilation of translators, from the point of view of social benefits and taxation, to authors of literary or scientific works, including technical works;

(h) promote the establishment and development of specialized programmes for the training of translators;

(i) co-operate with other national, regional or international bodies working to promote the interests of translators, and with any national or regional copyright information centers set up to assist in the clearance of rights in works protected by copyright, as well as with the UNESCO International Copyright Information Center;

(j) maintain close contacts with users, as well as with their representatives or professional organizations or associations, in order to defend the interests of translators; and negotiate collective agreements with such representatives or organizations or associations where deemed advantageous;

(k) contribute generally to the development of the translating profession.

8. Without prejudice to paragraph 7, membership of professional organizations or associations which represent translators should not, however, be a necessary condition for protection, since the provisions of this Recommendation should apply to all translators, whether or not they are members of such organizations or associations.

IV. Social and fiscal situation of translators

9. Translators working as independent writers, whether or not they are paid by royalties, should benefit in practice from any social insurance schemes relating to retirement, illness, family allowances, etc., and from any taxation arrangements, generally applicable to the authors of literary or scientific works, including technical works.

10. Salaried translators should be treated on the same basis as other salaried professional staff and benefit accordingly from the social schemes provided for them. In this respect, professional statutes, collective agreements and contracts of employment based thereon should mention expressly the class of translators of scientific and technical texts, so that their status' as translators may be recognized, particularly with respect to their professional classification.

V. Training and working conditions of translators

11. Member States should recognize in principle that translation is an independent discipline requiring an education distinct from exclusively language teaching and that this discipline requires special training. Member States should encourage the establishment of writing programmes for translators, especially in connexion with translators' professional organizations or associations, universities or other educational institutions, and the organization of seminars or workshops. It should also be recognized that it is useful for translators to be able to benefit from continuing education courses.

12. Member States should consider organizing terminology centers which might be encouraged to undertake the following activities:

(a) communicating to translators current information concerning terminology required by them in the general course of their work;

(b) collaborating closely with terminology centers throughout the world with a view to standardizing and developing the internationalization of scientific and technical terminology so as to facilitate the task of translators.

13. In association with professional organizations or associations and other interested parties, Member States should facilitate exchanges of translators between different countries, so as to allow them to improve their knowledge of the language from which they work and of the socio-cultural context in which the works to be translated by them are written.

14. With a view to improving the quality of translations, the following principles and practical measures should be expressly recognized in professional statutes mentioned under sub-paragraph 7(a) and in any other written -agreements between the translators and the users:

(a) translators should be given a reasonable period of time to accomplish their
work;

(b) any documents and information necessary for the understanding of the text to be translated and the drafting of the translation should, so far as possible, be made available to translators;

(c) as a general rule, a translation should be made from the original work,
recourse being had to retranslation only where absolutely necessary;

(d) a translator should, as far as possible, translate into his own mother tongue or into a language of which he or she has a mastery equal to that of his or her mother tongue.

VI. Developing countries

15. The principles and norms set forth in this Recommendation may be adapted by developing countries in any way deemed necessary to help them meet their requirements, and in the light of the special provisions for the benefit of developing countries introduced in the Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris on 24 July 1971 and the Paris Act (1971) of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.

VII. Final provision

16. Where translators and translations enjoy a level of protection which is, in certain respects, more favorable than that provided for in this Recommen-dation, its provisions should not be invoked to diminish the protection already acquired.


The foregoing is the authentic text of the Recommendation duly adopted by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization during its nineteenth session, which was held in Nairobi and declared closed the thirtieth day of November 1976.

IN FAITH WHEREOF we have appended our signatures.

The President of the General Conference
The Director-General

Some New Sites

 Bibliography of Scottish Literature in Translation (BOSLIT): http://boslit.nls.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First

Business Translation Services (BTS): http://www.btsglobal.com.br/dol.htm

Milan Kundera

”Common European thought is the fruit of the immense toil of translators. Without translators, Europe would not exist; translators are more important than members of the European Parliament”
Milan Kundera.

Habitus

Is habitus enabling or restrictive? Can habitus evolve or is it static?
What tensions arise when habitus does evolve? 
If, as most, we come to appreciate habitus as the 'fish does 
water' what of the 'fish out of water', when one's habitus is no longer familiar 
or can be taken for granted? Through the use of tableaux stories, I wish to offer 
a contextualized analysis of the evolution of habitus---with class as the 
dominant affector---within a tri-generational arc. I employ a hybrid 
methodology, using narrative and life history, to trouble the influence of 
habitus on the participants.

Translation present some elements for a selfsocioanalysis

Translation present some elements for a selfsocioanalysis ad translators are those who provide these elements for us.

Translation as self-reflexivization

Bourdieu decided to deliver his last lecture by subjecting himself, as if as a final challenge, to the exercise of reflexivity that he had defined throughout his life as a researcher as one of the necessary preliminaries to scientific research.

IS Translation a way of self-reflexivity

IS Translation a way of self-reflexivity?

IS there a vital need to construct differet analyses of Self in TS

IS there a vital need to construct different analyzes of (SOCIAL) Self in TS?

Pierre Bourdieu

A sociological analysis excluding psychology, except for some moods.
Pierre Bourdieu, preparatory notes